Chess is played on an 8×8 board between White and Black, who alternate turns. The goal is checkmate — attack the enemy king so it has no legal escape.
- ♚♚
King
One step in any direction. Cannot move into check. Castles with a rook under conditions.
- ♛♛
Queen
Any number of squares orthogonally or diagonally.
- ♜♜
Rook
Any number of squares orthogonally. Castles with the king.
- ♝♝
Bishop
Any number of squares diagonally. Stays on one color.
- ♞♞
Knight
L-shape: two in one direction then one perpendicular. Jumps over pieces.
- ♟♟
Pawn
Forward one (or two from start). Captures diagonally. En passant. Promotes on the back rank.